Macaroni (control), MPP incorporated macaroni and MPP were extracted with 80% acetone and centrifuged as described earlier (Section 2.6.3). Each sample extract (200 μl) was mixed with 1 ml of DPPH solution (100 mM) and left in the darkness at room temperature for 20 min. The absorbance of the resulting solution was measured at 517 nm. The capacity to scavenge DPPH radical was calculated by the following equation.