Fig. 2. Visual indicators of some surface processes affecting the soil in an agroforestry system of coffee cultivation with Inga spp and Musa spp shade trees:
(Ei) Splash erosion.
(Es) Sheet erosion around the coffee plant. Roots of various sizes are uncovered.
(Er) Erosion in rills has uncovered large roots.
(Pes) Soil disturbed by weed removal using a machete. This action has destructured the soil to a depth of 2–3 cm, creating a granular-type structure (