The primary outcome of the study was the antimicrobial use
density expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 patient
days.15 Monthly antibiotic prescription and administration data were
acquired from the electronic database. All systemic antibacterial
agents administered to inpatients were included in the analysis. Antimicrobial
use in the departments which do not perform the
targeted surgeries in SPAs monitoring and those in the targeted departments,
were analyzed to examine the indirect effect of the
intervention.