the calcium in leachates apparently increases the bark pH, allowing cyanolichens to colonize young conifers whose bark is often too acidic for these epiphyte.
Indeed, acid deposition may have resulted in the decline of cyanolichens on conifer bark throughout much or Europe, Asia, and eastern North America.
Conversely, increasing deposition of ammonia has caused increased bark pH and a concomitant decline in acidophytic epiphyte in some parts of Europe