In Canada, the law applies to everyone, including:
the police
the government
public officials
Canadian laws recognize and protect basic rights and freedoms, such as liberty and equality.
Public law and private law
Law can be divided into public and private law.
Public laws set the rules for the relationship between a person and society and for the roles of different levels of government. This includes:
criminal;
Constitutional; and
administrative law.
Private or civil law deals with the relationships between people. Civil laws set the rules for:
contracts
property ownership
rights and duties of family members
damage to someone or to their property caused by others, and so on.
Courts
Courts in Canada help people resolve disputes fairly and within the law. Courts:
interpret and establish law;
set standards; and
raise questions that affect all parts of Canadian society.
Most people settle their differences outside of court (for example, through mediation or arbitration).
Legal representation
If you need help in a Canadian court, it is a good idea to hire a lawyer. There are services that can help you find a lawyer such as:
referral services provided by provincial and territorial law societies; or
JusticeNet (telephone: 1-866-919-3219).
Depending on your income, you may be able to get a lawyer for free (this is called “legal aid”). Each province and territory has a legal aid society. You can also ask an immigrant-serving organization in your city or town for help hiring a lawyer.
Police
The police in Canada keep people safe and enforce the law. There are different types of police, including:
federal
provincial
territorial
municipal
You should call the police if you:
are the victim of a crime
see a crime taking place
know about criminal activities
The number for your local police is in the front pages of the telephone book. If you need to call the police in an emergency, dial 911.
If the police question or arrest you:
do not resist
be calm
speak as clearly as possible
be ready to show some kind of identification
look directly at the officer
make sure you know why you have been arrested
ask to have a lawyer and a translator present (if you need one)
do not offer money, gifts or services in exchange for special treatment
Under Canadian law, you are presumed innocent until proven guilty.
In Canada, the law applies to everyone, including:the policethe governmentpublic officialsCanadian laws recognize and protect basic rights and freedoms, such as liberty and equality.Public law and private lawLaw can be divided into public and private law.Public laws set the rules for the relationship between a person and society and for the roles of different levels of government. This includes:criminal;Constitutional; andadministrative law.Private or civil law deals with the relationships between people. Civil laws set the rules for:contractsproperty ownershiprights and duties of family membersdamage to someone or to their property caused by others, and so on.CourtsCourts in Canada help people resolve disputes fairly and within the law. Courts:interpret and establish law;set standards; andraise questions that affect all parts of Canadian society.Most people settle their differences outside of court (for example, through mediation or arbitration).Legal representationIf you need help in a Canadian court, it is a good idea to hire a lawyer. There are services that can help you find a lawyer such as:referral services provided by provincial and territorial law societies; orJusticeNet (telephone: 1-866-919-3219).Depending on your income, you may be able to get a lawyer for free (this is called “legal aid”). Each province and territory has a legal aid society. You can also ask an immigrant-serving organization in your city or town for help hiring a lawyer.PoliceThe police in Canada keep people safe and enforce the law. There are different types of police, including:federalprovincialterritorialmunicipalYou should call the police if you:are the victim of a crimesee a crime taking placeknow about criminal activitiesThe number for your local police is in the front pages of the telephone book. If you need to call the police in an emergency, dial 911.If the police question or arrest you:do not resistbe calmspeak as clearly as possiblebe ready to show some kind of identificationlook directly at the officermake sure you know why you have been arrestedask to have a lawyer and a translator present (if you need one)do not offer money, gifts or services in exchange for special treatmentUnder Canadian law, you are presumed innocent until proven guilty.
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