Modernism & postmodernism in architecture
1. Modernist Postmodernist Architecture By: Harshita Singh B.Arch 5A ASAP
2. Comparision between Modernist & Postmodernist Architecture Modernist Architecture Postmodernist Architecture Duration: late 19th- early 20th century Late 20th -21st century Predecessor: Nordic Classicism Modernist Architecture Modernism is efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. Postmodernism refers to the functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist style are replaced by diverse aesthetics. Major concept: Form follows function pluralism, double coding, flying buttresses and high ceilings, irony and paradox, and contextualism.
3. Modernism Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term is often applied to modernist movements at the turn of the 20th century, with efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society.
4. Influential Architects Notable architects important to the history and development of the modernist movement include: • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe • Le Corbusier • Walter Gropius • Erich Mendelsohn • Frank Lloyd Wright • Louis Sullivan • Gerrit Rietveld • Bruno Taut • Arne Jacobsen • Oscar Niemeyer • Alvar Aalto
5. Context • There are multiple lenses through which the evolution of modern architecture may be viewed. Some historians see it as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and thus the Enlightenment. • Modern architecture developed, as a result of social and political revolutions. Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments. Still other historians regard Modernism as a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian and Edwardian architecture. • With the Industrial Revolution, the availability of newly-available building materials such as iron, steel, and sheet glass drove the invention of new building techniques.
6. Characterstics • Common themes of modern architecture include: • the notion that "Form follows function", a dictum originally expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright's early mentor Louis Sullivan, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose • simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail" • materials at 90 degrees to each other • visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements) • the related concept of "Truth to materials", meaning that the true nature or natural appearance of a material ought to be seen rather than concealed or altered to represent something else • use of industrially-produced materials; adoption of the machine aesthetic • particularly in International Style modernism, a visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines
7. The Guggenheim Museum • Situated in Manhattan, New York City, it is the permanent home of a renowned and continuously expanding collection of Impressionist, Post- Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art. • Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical building, wider at the top than the bottom, was conceived as a "temple of the spirit". • Its design was inspired by a "Ziggurat" Babylonian temple pyramid, inverted. • The Museum Guggenhein exhibits a great difference to the buildings in the vicinity because of its spiral shape, marked by the mergeing of triangles, ovals, arcs, circles and squares, which correspond to the concept of organic architecture • Its unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long, continuous spiral along the outer edges of the building to end just under the ceiling skylight. • The materials used in its construction were basically precast concrete blocks. The white paint used on the internal walls makes the works of art stand out. The skylight is supported by steel joints.
8. The Guggenheim Museum
9. Sectional Elevation
10. Wainwright Building • Known as the Wainwright State Office Building, it is a 10-story red brick office building at St. Louis, Missouri. • The Wainwright Building is among the first skyscrapers in the world. It was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan (father of modern architecture) in the Palazzo style and built between 1890 and 1891. • It exemplifies Sullivan's theories about the tall building, which included a tripartite (three-part) composition (base-shaft-attic) based on the structure of the classical column. • The base contained retail stores that required wide glazed openings. Above it the semi-public nature of offices up a single flight of stairs are expressed as broad windows in the curtain wall. A cornice separates the second floor from the grid of identical windows of the screen wall, where ea