Czepiel and Gilmore (1987) conclude that human interactions are more engaging than impersonal ones. Consequently, companies must strive to deliver services that meet or, even better, exceed customers’ service expectations (Zeithaml et al., 1993). For example, some service providers, such as Disney, spend many months training employees in different methods of how to interact with customers during their stay in their parks (Rubis, 1998). Bitner (1990) writes that both the ability of employees to respond appropriately to customers’ needs, or possible service-delivery failures, and the presence of unprompted employee actions strongly relate to customers’ perceptions