They concluded that as computer
experience increased a significant increase in self-efficacy
was observed. But, whereas Doyle, Stamouli and Huggard found
that the antecedent of computer self-efficacy is computer experience,
Shih (2006) found the opposite relationship: ‘‘[t]he empirical
results identified [computer] self-efficacy as a strong and positive
antecedent of [computer] competence’’(p. 1012). Questions, thus,
remain about the precise causality of this effect. In this study we
assume that perceived knowledge and skills is an antecedent of
self-efficacy