24.2 Recommendation as a Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Problem
In order to introduce multiple criteria in the generic recommendation problem, one
of the classic MCDM methodologies can be followed. To facilitate the discussion on
how MCDM methods and techniques can be used when developing a recommender
system, we followed the steps and notations proposed by Bernard Roy (one of the
1960s pioneers in MCDM methods) in the generic modeling methodology for decision making problems [77]. The discussion could also follow some other generic
MCDM modeling methodologies [24, 34, 95, 97], since the scope of this section is
to provide some initial insights into issues that recommender systems researchers
should consider when designing a multi-criteria recommender.
Roy’s [77] methodology includes four steps when analyzing a decision making
problem:
1. Defining the object of decision. That is, defining the set of alternatives (items)
upon which the decision has to be made and the rationale of the recommendation decision.
2. Defining a consistent family of criteria. That is, identifying and specifying a set
of functions that declare the preferences of the decision maker (targeted user)
upon the various alternatives. These should cover all the parameters affecting
the recommendation decision and be exhaustive and non-redundant.
3. Developing a global preference model. That is, defining the function that synthesizes the partial preferences upon each criterion into a model that specifies
the total preference of a decision maker regarding a candidate alternative.
24.2 Recommendation as a Multi-Criteria Decision MakingProblemIn order to introduce multiple criteria in the generic recommendation problem, oneof the classic MCDM methodologies can be followed. To facilitate the discussion onhow MCDM methods and techniques can be used when developing a recommendersystem, we followed the steps and notations proposed by Bernard Roy (one of the1960s pioneers in MCDM methods) in the generic modeling methodology for decision making problems [77]. The discussion could also follow some other genericMCDM modeling methodologies [24, 34, 95, 97], since the scope of this section isto provide some initial insights into issues that recommender systems researchersshould consider when designing a multi-criteria recommender.Roy’s [77] methodology includes four steps when analyzing a decision makingproblem:1. Defining the object of decision. That is, defining the set of alternatives (items)upon which the decision has to be made and the rationale of the recommendation decision.2. Defining a consistent family of criteria. That is, identifying and specifying a setof functions that declare the preferences of the decision maker (targeted user)upon the various alternatives. These should cover all the parameters affectingthe recommendation decision and be exhaustive and non-redundant.3. Developing a global preference model. That is, defining the function that synthesizes the partial preferences upon each criterion into a model that specifiesthe total preference of a decision maker regarding a candidate alternative.
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