Study Design
Throughout the semester, faculty members as participant-observers used a modified form of concurrent probing (CP) to question students as they worked on tasks during face-to-face instruction. Instructors moved about the classroom as students worked individually or in groups, monitoring their progress on the tasks and asking follow-up questions of student-users as they experienced difficulties using GAFE. Because the primary usability testing method was retrospective with the survey at the close of the semester, the authors were less concerned with strict user experience measurements or interrupting or interfering with a user during their interaction with GAFE. The results of CP activities during face-to-face instruction informed the question development for the mixed-methods survey.