Future Directions We feel that the major bases of PsyCap in general have now been addressed (i.e., having a theory-research foundation and valid measurement) and that we have strong research support for PCD by demonstrating statelike development and performance impact. However, to continue to make progress on our journey, we need more refinement and depth as well as research on the antecedents of PsyCap and testing of the possible moderation and mediation roles that PsyCap may play in other important OB and HR constructs and relationships. In addition, we have just begun to expand PsyCap into other units of analysis, alternative measures, and domains of application. For example, recently we conducted initial research at the group/team level on the impact of collective PsyCap on attitudes and performance (see Walumbwa, Luthans, Avey, & Oke, 2011), but future work on the PCD of teams and even at the organizational, community, regional, and country levels is needed. Also, since valid measurement is so important to PsyCap research and PCD in specific, to overcome faking and social desirability issues and promote the use of multiple measures, we have developed and validated the Implicit Psychological Capital Questionnaire (I-PCQ; see Harms & Luthans, in press). This easy-to-administer, unique implicit measure has the respondent simply imagine three stories of someone (not themselves) that are prompted by events that are positive (i.e., someone has a new job), ambiguous (i.e., someone talks to a supervisor), and negative (someone makes a mistake at work). Then, for each story, the respondent answers (i.e., projects an implicit level of PsyCap) a question related to each of the four components (hope, efficacy, resiliency and optimism). This I-PCQ has been shown to have high internal reliability and convergent and discriminant validities vis-à-vis the widely used self-report PCQ.