The main salivary changes in pregnancy involve its flow, composition, pH and hormone levels. Cross sectional studies have shown a reduced, whole stimulated salivary flow rate in pregnant women, but longitudinal studies have shown that there was no change in the whole stimulated salivary flow rate.The changes in the composition of the saliva include a decrease in the sodium concentration and pH, and an increase in the potassium, protein, and the oestrogen levels. Checking the salivary oestrogen level has been suggested as a screening test to detect the risk potential for a preterm labour [15]. The salivary oestrogen levels are higher in the women who are destined to have preterm babies than in women who have normal term deliveries. The salivary oestrogen increases the proliferation and desquamation of the oral mucosa and also an increase in the subgingival crevicular fluid levels. The desquamating cells provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth by providing nutrition, thus predisposing the pregnant women to dental caries [16].
There is an increase in the facial pigmentation, which is called ‘melasma’ or the “mask of pregnancy”, which appears as bilateral brown patches in the mid-face. These facial changes begin during the first trimester and are seen in up to 73% of the pregnant women. The aetiology of this condition is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an increase in the serum levels of oestrogen and progesterone. The melasma usually resolves after parturition [17]. The recent studies have suggested a link between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight. As per an investigation which was done on 400 women who had gingivitis and periodontal disease, a positive correlation was found between periodontal disease and low birth weight. The periodontal disease seemed to be independent of a good oral hygiene and a periodontal treatment. Although a positive correlation between periodontal diseases and low birth weight has been reported, a causal explanation has not been found in several animal and human case — control studies [18].
The main salivary changes in pregnancy involve its flow, composition, pH and hormone levels. Cross sectional studies have shown a reduced, whole stimulated salivary flow rate in pregnant women, but longitudinal studies have shown that there was no change in the whole stimulated salivary flow rate.The changes in the composition of the saliva include a decrease in the sodium concentration and pH, and an increase in the potassium, protein, and the oestrogen levels. Checking the salivary oestrogen level has been suggested as a screening test to detect the risk potential for a preterm labour [15]. The salivary oestrogen levels are higher in the women who are destined to have preterm babies than in women who have normal term deliveries. The salivary oestrogen increases the proliferation and desquamation of the oral mucosa and also an increase in the subgingival crevicular fluid levels. The desquamating cells provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth by providing nutrition, thus predisposing the pregnant women to dental caries [16].There is an increase in the facial pigmentation, which is called ‘melasma’ or the “mask of pregnancy”, which appears as bilateral brown patches in the mid-face. These facial changes begin during the first trimester and are seen in up to 73% of the pregnant women. The aetiology of this condition is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an increase in the serum levels of oestrogen and progesterone. The melasma usually resolves after parturition [17]. The recent studies have suggested a link between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight. As per an investigation which was done on 400 women who had gingivitis and periodontal disease, a positive correlation was found between periodontal disease and low birth weight. The periodontal disease seemed to be independent of a good oral hygiene and a periodontal treatment. Although a positive correlation between periodontal diseases and low birth weight has been reported, a causal explanation has not been found in several animal and human case — control studies [18].
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
