In the present work, the effect of adding whey protein concentrate (WPC) (3%, 6%, and 9%) on the tensile
properties of corn semolina (CS) is studied. Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements (DSC) were
performed to determine glass transition temperatures (Tg) of specimens in a moisture content range of 2–
25%. All materials are glassy at room temperature according to their Tg values regardless of their moisture
content. Most specimens exhibit fragile behavior according to tensile tests, except for neat CS and
CS-WPC-3%, with 25% moisture content, which display a fragile-ductile transition in the glassy state.
Only small differences are observed among materials with different WPC contents, in terms of glass transition
temperatures and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, our results indicate that WPC acts as a plasticizer
for neat CS in terms of both, glass transition temperatures and mechanical behavior. Such
plasticization effect is probably caused by Maillard reactions. Water, on the other hand, causes an
anti-plasticization effect at low moisture contents, as revealed by increases in stress at break up to a maximum
value. At higher moisture contents, water induces a plasticization effect and the stress at break
decreases. Since no significant changes in strain at break are observed with moisture content, toughness
values behave in a similar way to the stress at break exhibiting a maximum value at intermediate moisture
contents.
 
In the present work, the effect of adding whey protein concentrate (WPC) (3%, 6%, and 9%) on the tensileproperties of corn semolina (CS) is studied. Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements (DSC) wereperformed to determine glass transition temperatures (Tg) of specimens in a moisture content range of 2–25%. All materials are glassy at room temperature according to their Tg values regardless of their moisturecontent. Most specimens exhibit fragile behavior according to tensile tests, except for neat CS andCS-WPC-3%, with 25% moisture content, which display a fragile-ductile transition in the glassy state.Only small differences are observed among materials with different WPC contents, in terms of glass transitiontemperatures and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, our results indicate that WPC acts as a plasticizerfor neat CS in terms of both, glass transition temperatures and mechanical behavior. Suchplasticization effect is probably caused by Maillard reactions. Water, on the other hand, causes ananti-plasticization effect at low moisture contents, as revealed by increases in stress at break up to a maximumvalue. At higher moisture contents, water induces a plasticization effect and the stress at breakdecreases. Since no significant changes in strain at break are observed with moisture content, toughnessvalues behave in a similar way to the stress at break exhibiting a maximum value at intermediate moisturecontents.
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