2.4. Culture conditions
The starter culture of Z. mobilis was first revived by transferring 1 mL of stock culture into 9 mL of YM liquid medium and incubated at 30 ◦C for 24 h without agitation. It was then transferred
to a 90 mL culture medium (10% (v/v) inoculum) and incubated at 30 ◦C with gentle agitation at 10 0 rpm. The experiments were carried out in duplicate using 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Initial pH of
the culture medium was adjusted to 5.5 using sodium acetate buffer