Given the well-established benefits of breastfeeding and the availability of effective programs to promote initiation [25], such interventions should be targeted at women unlikely to initiate breastfeeding and those unlikely to breastfeed successfully. For example, research has demonstrated the efficacy of lactation consultants and community breastfeeding support groups after hospital discharge [26–28]. Further research is needed to establish whether breastfeeding promotion programs should be specifically tailored to the needs of such women. Our study suggests that women who tried unsuccessfully to breastfeed in their first pregnancy are candidates for such intervention. Health care providers can play an important role by identifying mothers who chose not to or did not successfully breastfeed in their first pregnancy and provide lactation education and support for subsequent pregnancies.