Traditionally, mental tests have been divided into two types. Achievement tests are designed to measure acquired skills and knowledge, particularly those that have been explicitly taught. The proficiency exams required by some states for high school graduation are achievement tests.
Aptitude tests are designed to measure a person's ability to acquire new skills or knowledge. For example, vocational aptitude tests can help you decide whether you would do better as a mechanic or musician.
However, all mental tests are in some sense achievement test because they assume some sort of past learning or experience with certain objects, words, or situations. The difference between achievement and aptitude tests is one of degree and intended use.
The author's main purpose in this passage is to _________.
show the importance of testing
relate a story about aptitude and achievement tests
compare and contrast achievement and aptitude tests
criticize the use of testing to measure a person's ability