At a minin1urn one could evaluate whether and OD process
produced in1proved organization performance (using accepted industry metrics), improved individual and organization capability to manage and change in the future, an organization that operated more in line with OD values (a different culture), or acceptable return on investment. Although it is beyond the scope of this chapter to. conduct a full review of the debate
over OD's effectiveness, we can summarize the critical and supportive views.
Critics of OD's effectiveness point to several important deficiencies in the literature. First, with respect Lo one of rhe espoused values and purposes of OD, there are no studies we arc aware of monitoring the transfer of OD-related skills and knowledge to a client during an OD process. Tnis stateinent does not refer to the large body of work evaluating training and leadership develop1nent. these educational interventions clearly increase the kt1owledge and skill of client systems with respect to change con1pete11Ce. In general, however, these interventions