component in plant fibres and crop residues. The enzyme
cellulase breaks down cellulose. Similarly, chitin is a structural
component in fungal cell walls. It is a strong material
that is also a key component in insect exoskeletons. The
enzyme chitinase breaks down chitin though Trichoderma
is not known to attack insects. Trichoderma switches back
and forth on which enzymes to produce depending on the
type of food source available. For example, when fresh bark
is used in composts, Trichoderma fungi do not directly attack
the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. But, in decomposing
bark the amount of readily available cellulose decreases,
which activates the chitinase genes of Trichoderma, which
in turn produce chitinase to parasitize Rhizoctonia solani
(Benhamou and Chet 1997). What
this means is that in the spring
time when temperatures are
low and pathogen activity is
low Trichoderma will feed on the
readily available cellulose from crop
residues. Later in the season when
the crop residues are exhausted and
the pathogen load has increased Trichoderma will switch
over to parasitizing the pathogens
component in plant fibres and crop residues. The enzymecellulase breaks down cellulose. Similarly, chitin is a structuralcomponent in fungal cell walls. It is a strong materialthat is also a key component in insect exoskeletons. Theenzyme chitinase breaks down chitin though Trichodermais not known to attack insects. Trichoderma switches backand forth on which enzymes to produce depending on thetype of food source available. For example, when fresh barkis used in composts, Trichoderma fungi do not directly attackthe plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. But, in decomposingbark the amount of readily available cellulose decreases,which activates the chitinase genes of Trichoderma, whichin turn produce chitinase to parasitize Rhizoctonia solani(Benhamou and Chet 1997). Whatthis means is that in the springtime when temperatures arelow and pathogen activity islow Trichoderma will feed on thereadily available cellulose from cropresidues. Later in the season whenthe crop residues are exhausted andthe pathogen load has increased Trichoderma will switchover to parasitizing the pathogens
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