Ion-exchange resins are polymer granules that are capable of exchanging some of their constitutive ions with other ions
in a solution that is passed through them. Nuclear industries utilize ion-exchange resins to clean their process water. The resins are used to remove unwanted impurities such as radioactive,The resins are used to remove unwanted
impurities such as radioactive, hazardous, or other contaminants
that could potentially harm the equipment or corrode
the nuclear reactor fuel rods. The spent ion-exchange resins
have to be disposed of and, as such, account for a major
fraction of the combustible organic waste from the nuclear
industry (Cicero-Herman et al., 1998). One effective treatment
option is incinerating the spent resins to yield ash and gas.
However, there are difficulties associated with this approach.
One of the criticisms of a high-temperature incinerator is the
potential release of radioactive elements. Some radioactive
metals such as cesium form vapors at temperatures reached