But, the same researchers at Monash conducted another study that came to a remarkably different conclusion. Using an even more rigorous trial design, they found there were “no effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity.” The authors hypothesized that gluten sensitivity was actually being confused with sensitivity to special carbohydrates known as FODMAPs (short for fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols). While FODMAPs are found in grains such as wheat, rye, and barley, they also occur in a wide variety of “gluten-free” or “healthy” foods like broccoli, garlic, onions, apples, and avocados. In other words: Those who think they have NCGS may be reacting to what’s inside their sandwiches as much as the bread itself. Although more research needs to be done, the results of this second study suggest that some people who go gluten-free might be better off on a low-FODMAP diet.