Abstract. As computers become part of our everyday life, more and more people are experiencing a
variety of ocular symptoms related to computer use. These include eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation,
redness, blurred vision, and double vision, collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome. This
article describes both the characteristics and treatment modalities that are available at this time.
Computer vision syndrome symptoms may be the cause of ocular (ocular-surface abnormalities or
accommodative spasms) and/or extraocular (ergonomic) etiologies. However, the major contributor to
computer vision syndrome symptoms by far appears to be dry eye. The visual effects of various
display characteristics such as lighting, glare, display quality, refresh rates, and radiation are also
discussed. Treatment requires a multidirectional approach combining ocular therapy with adjustment
of the workstation. Proper lighting, anti-glare filters, ergonomic positioning of computer monitor and
regular work breaks may help improve visual comfort. Lubricating eye drops and special computer
glasses help relieve ocular surface–related symptoms. More work needs to be done to specifically define
the processes that cause computer vision syndrome and to develop and improve effective treatments that
successfully address these causes. (Surv Ophthalmol 50:253–262, 2005. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.)