Shyam Sunder, ‘IFRS monopoly: the Pied Piper of financial reporting’ (2011), points out that there can never be perfect comparability in financial reporting and argues that ‘the application of IFRS across national jurisdictions has not been, and is unlikely to be, uniform, nor is it likely to generate comparability’. Indeed, as IFRS allows choices on a number of accounting issues, incomplete comparability is inevitable unless all firms make identical choices and judgements, which seems unlikely. All the papers referred to in this section provide evidence of incomplete comparability following the mandatory adoption of IFRS in the EU and there seems to be no reason to doubt this unanimous conclusion.