2. Methods
The study was conducted near Cilamaya
(068140
5100S, 1078340
0500E), Subang province, West
Java, from 1999 to 2002. The region has a wet and dry
season, and the main land use consists of a
monoculture of lowland irrigated rice. The wet season
of 2001–2002 had considerably higher rainfall than
average, followed by late rains in July 2002 during the
dry season. The average farm size for a family was 1–
1.5 ha with one crop grown at the beginning of the wet
season (December–April) and a second in the dry
season (May–September), with a 2–3 month fallow at
the end of the dry season