The colour of rehydrated samples was measured using a
colourimeter (Hunter Lab ColorQuest XE). The colourimeter
was calibrated with a standard white tile (L⁎ = 93.97,
a⁎ =−0.88, b⁎ = 1.21). For each drying method examined, CIE
colour parameters for the surface of five individual bean samples
were measured and then averaged. The colour values were
represented on the CIE colour scales as L⁎ (lightness/darkness),
a⁎ (redness/greenness) and b⁎ (yellowness/blueness). Total
colour change, DE⁎, was then calculated, from Eq. (9), where
L⁎0, a⁎0 and b⁎0 refer to the CIE colour values for cooked