Male chickens (130-day-old) were housed in individual
cages and placed in a 12L:12D photoperiod (06:00–18:00
hr) and temperature-controlled room. They were allowed
to consume a standard diet (CP, 15%; ME, 2,800 kcal/kg)
and water ad libitum during the pre-experimental period.
Feed was removed 12 hr before resection, but free
access to water was allowed until surgery.