A partition π of an integer n is a way of expressing n as a sum n=h1+h2+⋯+hs of positive integers satisfying the condition h1≥h2≥⋯≥hs. The integers hi are called parts of the partition. We denote by P(n) the number of partitions of the integer n and by Ps(n) the number of partitions of n into s parts.
The problem of counting partitions of an integer n was first undertaken by Euler [4], who found the generating function for the numbers P(n). Since then, integer partitions have been deeply studied by mathematicians for their fascinating properties. Most of the present abundant literature deals with recurrence formulas, identities and asymptotics (see [2] and [6] and [9] for extensive surveys on the subject). In the 80’s, the number of partitions of an integer was studied according to the number s of its parts. Some explicit and recursive formulas for the number Ps(n) of partitions of n into s parts have been found for small values of s (see [3], and sequences A001399, A001400 and A001401 in [7]). This topic was first investigated by Andrews [1], who discovered a relationship between the number of partitions into three parts and the number of triangles with integer sides. Further results in this direction can be found in [5].
In this work, we give a new contribution to the subject, by exhibiting two bijections between suitable sets of partitions of an integer into a bounded number of parts. These bijections allow us to find some recurrence formulas for the numbers of partitions of n into three or four parts. To this end, we focus on the subset of twin partitions, namely, partitions of n whose two greatest parts coincide. First of all, we remark that the set of partitions of n−1 into s parts corresponds bijectively to the set of non-twin partitions of n. This implies that the sequence View the MathML source of the number of twin partitions of n into s parts is the image under the backward difference operator Δ of the sequence Ps(n). As a consequence, we obtain a recurrence formula for the sequence Ps(n) as soon as we find a bijection between the set of twin partitions of n into s parts and some set of partitions of a suitable integer into a smaller number of parts. In Sections 3 and 4, we exhibit explicit bijections for the cases s=3,4. With similar arguments, we succeed in finding some recurrence relations for the number of twin partitions of n into five and six parts.
A partition π of an integer n is a way of expressing n as a sum n=h1+h2+⋯+hs of positive integers satisfying the condition h1≥h2≥⋯≥hs. The integers hi are called parts of the partition. We denote by P(n) the number of partitions of the integer n and by Ps(n) the number of partitions of n into s parts.
The problem of counting partitions of an integer n was first undertaken by Euler [4], who found the generating function for the numbers P(n). Since then, integer partitions have been deeply studied by mathematicians for their fascinating properties. Most of the present abundant literature deals with recurrence formulas, identities and asymptotics (see [2] and [6] and [9] for extensive surveys on the subject). In the 80’s, the number of partitions of an integer was studied according to the number s of its parts. Some explicit and recursive formulas for the number Ps(n) of partitions of n into s parts have been found for small values of s (see [3], and sequences A001399, A001400 and A001401 in [7]). This topic was first investigated by Andrews [1], who discovered a relationship between the number of partitions into three parts and the number of triangles with integer sides. Further results in this direction can be found in [5].
In this work, we give a new contribution to the subject, by exhibiting two bijections between suitable sets of partitions of an integer into a bounded number of parts. These bijections allow us to find some recurrence formulas for the numbers of partitions of n into three or four parts. To this end, we focus on the subset of twin partitions, namely, partitions of n whose two greatest parts coincide. First of all, we remark that the set of partitions of n−1 into s parts corresponds bijectively to the set of non-twin partitions of n. This implies that the sequence View the MathML source of the number of twin partitions of n into s parts is the image under the backward difference operator Δ of the sequence Ps(n). As a consequence, we obtain a recurrence formula for the sequence Ps(n) as soon as we find a bijection between the set of twin partitions of n into s parts and some set of partitions of a suitable integer into a smaller number of parts. In Sections 3 and 4, we exhibit explicit bijections for the cases s=3,4. With similar arguments, we succeed in finding some recurrence relations for the number of twin partitions of n into five and six parts.
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