In all treatments wheat was sowed in May and harvested in late November.
The short-cycle wheat variety Klein Don Enrique (Bainotti et al., 2002) was used.
Due to limitations imposed by regular operations in private farms,
we restricted sampling to a 100-m square (100 m 100 m area) located in the center of each plot; 10 soil samples (0–20 cm in depth) and surface crop residues (0.25 m2) were randomly collected from each area in the plot (o directamente from each plot) at sowing and harvest stages.
We assumed that this 1-ha sampling area was representative of the whole plot conditions.
Shoots were sampled from 10 randomly selected plants in each sampling area at harvest.