these patients is likely to be multifactorial [4,21]. The retrospective these patients is likely to be multifactorial [4,21]. The retrospectiveof our Design Study does not Allow US to Elaborate design of our study does not allow us to elaborateon the Exact Cause of the low hemoglobin on the exact cause of the low hemoglobinconcentrations. Nevertheless, we Found that Lower hemoglobin concentrations. Nevertheless, we found that lower hemoglobinconcentrations were associated with poor outcome concentrations were associated with poor outcomeeven after adjustment for possible confounding even after adjustment for possible confoundingfactors. Data Confirm the results of our previous Studies factors. Our data confirm the results of previous studiesin mixed populations of Medical and Surgical Critically ill in mixed populations of medical and surgical critically illpatients [1,3], Who Declined in Surgical patients Blood patients [1,3], in surgical patients who declined bloodtransfusions [22,23], and in patients with ischemic Heart transfusions [22,23], and in patients with ischemic heartdisease [24.25]. Additionally we demonstrate a correlation disease [24,25]. We additionally demonstrate a correlationbetween hemoglobin concentrations and organ dysfunction / between hemoglobin concentrations and organ dysfunction/Failure as Assessed by the SOFA Scores in these failure as assessed by the SOFA scores in thesepatients. patients.Blood transfusion has also been thought to increase the Blood transfusion has also been thought to increase therisk of Death in ICU patients [1,3]. Indeed, transfused risk of death in ICU patients [1,3]. Indeed, transfusedpatients in our ICU and in-Hospital Study had higher patients in our study had higher ICU and in-hospitalmortality Rates; however, after adjustment for possible mortality rates; however, after adjustment for possibleConfounders and Severity of illness, Blood transfusion was confounders and severity of illness, blood transfusion wasassociated with a Lower risk of in-Hospital Death. The discrepancy associated with a lower risk of in-hospital death. The discrepancybetween our results and those of previous between our results and those of previousobservational Studies [1,3] May be related to the implementation observational studies [1,3] may be related to the implementationof Leukoreduction in our Institution. Hébert of leukoreduction in our institution. Hébertand colleagues [15] reported reduced in-Hospital mortality and colleagues [15] reported reduced in-hospital mortalityafter implementation of Leukoreduction Rates in a Large rates after implementation of leukoreduction in a largeCanadian multicenter Study compared with the Control Canadian multicenter study compared with the controlperiod. Van de Watering and colleagues [16] Showed period. van de Watering and colleagues [16] showedอัตราการอยู่รอดเพิ่มขึ้นในผู้ป่วยผ่าตัดหัวใจหลัง
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