The sensitivity of the HI test for detection of antibodies
against avian influenza viruses in human sera
can be improved by replacing avian RBCs with equine
RBCs within the test [13,14,17-19]. An experimental
study using sera of gallinaceous birds, pheasants and
chukar partridges, revealed that HI-antibody titres that
were detected by using horse RBCs were more comparable
to neutralizing antibody titres than those from HI
tests using chicken RBCs [20]. None of these studies
has tested serum samples from aquatic birds, such as
domestic ducks, which are considered to play an important
role in the H5N1 HPAI virus maintenance and
spread [21-23]. Since the avian influenza antibody titres
of ducks are reportedly low when measured by the
traditional HI test based on chicken RBCs [24,25], we
hypothesised that the use of horse RBCs could influence
the performance of the HI test. We tested sera
from ducks experimentally inoculated and naturally
exposed in the field to Indonesian H5 subtype virus
using HI tests based on both chicken (HI-CRBC) and
horse RBCs (HI-HRBC) and using a virus neutralisation
(VN) test for sera from the experimentally infected
ducks.
The sensitivity of the HI test for detection of antibodiesagainst avian influenza viruses in human seracan be improved by replacing avian RBCs with equineRBCs within the test [13,14,17-19]. An experimentalstudy using sera of gallinaceous birds, pheasants andchukar partridges, revealed that HI-antibody titres thatwere detected by using horse RBCs were more comparableto neutralizing antibody titres than those from HItests using chicken RBCs [20]. None of these studieshas tested serum samples from aquatic birds, such asdomestic ducks, which are considered to play an importantrole in the H5N1 HPAI virus maintenance andspread [21-23]. Since the avian influenza antibody titresof ducks are reportedly low when measured by thetraditional HI test based on chicken RBCs [24,25], wehypothesised that the use of horse RBCs could influencethe performance of the HI test. We tested serafrom ducks experimentally inoculated and naturallyexposed in the field to Indonesian H5 subtype virususing HI tests based on both chicken (HI-CRBC) andhorse RBCs (HI-HRBC) and using a virus neutralisation(VN) test for sera from the experimentally infectedducks.
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