Milk Run logistics utilizes the trucks efficiently, where the average loading
rate becomes very high. It results in lower environmental impacts including
CO2 emission. High loading factors are realized partly because the trucks
bring not only required auto parts but also the returnable containers to pack
the parts. The empty containers get back to the original suppliers just before
picking up new parts in the next run, so that we can assume that the loading
rate comes close to 100 % in the case of Milk Run.