As far as the emissions are concerned, the pollutants that show greater relative reductions are PM (50% when the routes are optimized for time), as can be seen in Fig. 4 that shows the potential gains for the pollutant emissions. Nonetheless, the emitted amounts of all the pollutants decreased more than 26% and more than 40% when the routes are optimized for distance and for time, respectively, as it can be seen in Fig. 4. In conclusion, routes optimization for time produces larger reduction values of the studied
pollutant emissions.