Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as refuse or
rubbish, is discarded from residential, commercial, and institutional
areas [13]. As the global population increases dramatically,
and with changing consumption patterns, economic development,
rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, MSW is being generated
at a rate that outstrips the ability of the natural environment to
assimilate it and municipal authorities to manage it. The situation
is more severe in developing countries such as Malaysia. The rapid
growth of the economy and population have caused MSW to proliferate
by 28% in a period of a decade, from 5.6 Mt in 1997 to
7.65 Mt in 2007 [26], and it is predicted to further increase by
30% in 2020 and 39% in 2030 compared to the baseline year of
2007 [21]. Despite the government’s efforts, waste management
remains one of the critical environment issues in Malaysia.