The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Office of Data and Accountability compiled and provided the academic achievements and attendance information of the students. The information included the students’ number of absent days, California Standards Tests scores, proficiency levels for English language arts and mathematics, and grade point averages (GPAs; available for high school students only). These data were for the past 2 years, when available. We coded proficiency levels from 1 to 5, where 1 indicates “far below basic” (a serious lack of performance) and 5 indicates “advanced” (superior performance). Levels 2, 3, and 4 indicate “below basic,” “basic,” and “proficient,” respectively.