In our first specification we include rural and county dummies.
About half of the sample resides in rural areas. In our second
specification we use community dummies that refer to the communities
in the urban areas and administrative villages in the rural
areas. The communities are small areas that are likely to be more
homogeneous than cities or counties, or certainly than provinces.
The idea here is that each community has factors that will affect
health outcomes that are not captured by county dummies. These
factors may include wages, health care and other prices, inherent healthiness of the area, public health infrastructure and other factors.
F-tests for all combinations of dummy variables are reported
as well.