The patterns of explicitness and seemingly one-sided presentation of information may be modified when Japanese negotiators are in a weaker position relative to counterparts or when they are conducted in the context of traditional negotiations within Japan, such as in buyer-seller relationships in which the buyer is seen as the more dominant—a major difference between Japanese and other cultures. Domestically, Japanese negotiators who are more powerful or of higher status, such as buyers, are expected by weaker counterparts to seek solutions that consider the interests of all parties, although the weaker party’s needs may be satisfied to a lesser extent. On occasion these Japanese expectations may also carry over to international political and economic negotiations, where Japanese perceive themselves to be in a weaker position. For example, many negotiators and researchers have noted this pattern in Japanese-U.S. negotiations (Blaker, 1977a, 1977b; Blaker, Vogel, and Giarra, 2002; March,1990). However, Japanese negotiators have learned over time that outsiders do not always understand their values, norms, and reciprocal relationships. As a result, Japanese negotiators, who in the past have been taken advantage of by foreign counterparts, do not always defer to a stronger party.