Residents cannot avoid flood problems when they are in flood
risk areas [10]. The best ways to reduce flood risk are reducing
vulnerability and increasing coping capacity, which is a core
common component of flood risk management. Figure 2 and
Figure 3; show the elements of flood risk which depend on
vulnerability, frequency of damage, the ability of local people to
cope with flood as follows:
2.3.1 Vulnerability refers to circumstances of a community or
asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a flood.
There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various
physical, social, economic, and environmental factors. Examples
may include construction of buildings, inadequate protection of
assets, lack of information and awareness [6, 11].
2.3.2 Characteristic refers to natural disaster occurrence,
frequency of damage, duration and maximum water level
2.3.3 Coping capacity is the ability of people in the community
to face and manage the flood using available skills and resources.
The capacity to cope requires continuing awareness, resources and
good management, both in normal times as well as during crises
or adverse conditions [11]