Glucose oxidation increased with increasing extracellular glucose concentrations even in the presence of PA ([5], present paper). This raises the question why is glucose oxidation not expressing saturation kinetic? In order to study this phenomenon we investigated the oxidation of acetic acid which was immediately converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in the above conditions. Both low glucose and PA concentrations reduced acetate oxidation (Fig. 2A and B) as shown by introducing either 0.4 mmol/l PA or 5.0 mmol/l glucose exposure. However, at higher substrate concentrations acetate oxidation was only further reduced by increases in the PA concentration rather than further raises in the glucose levels showing that only acetyl-CoA originating from β-oxidation could dilute the existing acetyl-CoA pool from acetate. Moreover, the dilution in acetyl-CoA oxidation was only minimal at high PA concentrations. This data indicates that the increase in glucose oxidation was mediated through acetyl-CoA originated from PDH and further, there must be an additional mechanism promoting an increased in glucose oxidation without dilution of the acetate dependent acetyl-CoA pool. We described recently that diabetic myotubes express an increased basal glucose oxidation despite a reduced TCA flux [19]. This was based on observations that pyruvate could be both decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by PDH and carboxylated to oxaloacetate (OAA) by pyruvate carboxylase (PC). The latter reaction increased the flux through TCA by an anaplerotic increase in OAA level. OAA can condensate with acetyl-CoA and form citrate which can be further oxidized or released to the cytosol and media, thereby allowing pyruvate (glucose) to be incompletely oxidized. Based on above observations it could be speculated that glucose promoted its own oxidation by increasing the TCA flux via anaplerosis of OAA from pyruvate. To prove this hypothesis we firstly investigated glucose oxidation with or without inhibition of PC by phenylacetic acid (PAA, inhibitor of PC [10]) (Fig. 3A). The increase in glucose oxidation with increasing glucose level could indeed be partly explained by anaplerosis though PC. Moreover, high glucose availability increased the citrate level in the media (Fig. 3B) and this increase in citrate could also be partly inhibited by PAA. Further, glucose uptake at 5.0 and 15.0 mmol/l glucose was 2.4 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.3 nmol/min/mg protein, (mean ± SE, N = 8) respectively, corresponding to that 2% and 6% of taken up glucose was found as citrate. These data suggest that the increase in glucose oxidation with increased glucose availability is partly based on anaplerotic supplementation of TCA through PC and that both complete and incomplete pyruvate (glucose) oxidation is improved by the anaplerotic process. A similar phenomena were seen in β-cells exposed to increasing glucose concentrations [10]. Acetyl-CoA can allosteric activate PC, providing a mechanism of how PC could be stimulated by increasing acetyl-CoA from glucose [20]. However, at present it is unclear why increasing glucose availability did not dilute the acetyl-CoA pool from acetate. Further studies are needed to clarify whether PC and PDH are either compartmentalized together, coupled or whether PC preferentially uses acetyl-CoA from pyruvate rather than from β-oxidation.