Examines a number of factors which may critically influence the success of a token program including the teacher, the child, the parent, and the system of reinforcement. Methodological considerations (e.g., type of experimental design, o bias, and replicability) are discussed. Several methodological problems in token reinforcement studies are noted. A number of suggestions are presented for the assessment of the long-term effectiveness of token reinforcement programs. (2 P. Ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)