>> 1.1 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
1.1.1 CREATIVE ECONOMY
The term “creative economy” was popularized in 2001 by the British writer and media manager John Howkins, who applied it to 15 industries extending from the arts to science and technology. According to Howkins’ estimates, this creative economy was worth US$2.2 trillion worldwide in 2000 and growing at an annual rate of 5 per cent. The notion is and remains a very broad one as it embraces not only cultural goods and services, but also toys and games and the entire domain of “research and development” (R&D). Therefore, while recognizing cultural activities and processes as the core of a powerful new economy, it is also concerned with manifestations of creativity in domains that would not be understood as “cultural”. Before exploring the implications of this broader reading of creativity, however, it is important to examine the other two terms used in this Report.