5. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL AND FAILED PROJECTS
Successful Projects
There are many examples of successful management of cross-cultural, international projects. As an example, consider the Year 2000 (Y2K) projects conducted by public and private organizations around the globe. Diligent multi-cultural teams cooperated to prepare and remediate computer systems, outdated software code, telecommunications networks, imbedded systems, and other infrastructure for the millennium date change. Countries and organizations throughout the world recognized that while maintaining management of their own Y2K projects, they would gain from sharing information on their project plans, progress, problems and successes. Even organizations in cultures not normally accustomed to collaboration realized the value and importance of sharing information and knowledge. Public and private organizations throughout the world formed networking and information sharing partnerships to respond to Y2K challenges. National, regional, and global organizations shared knowledge about Y2K risks, problems, and strategies. Some countries passed laws and regulatory guidance to allow organizations to share information without legal concerns [12].
The U.S. Department of State, Office of Inspector General published a report entitled: “Year 2000 Lessons Learned: Strategies for Successful Global Project Management” [12]. In that report, the Ambassador, Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Lesotho to the United Nations is quoted as saying: “Y2K was the first time that the international community all rose to the challenge and worked together to meet a common threat; international cooperative efforts did not compromise anyone’s sovereignty or commercial interests.” A Foreign Service Officer in the U.S. Consulate in Hong Kong is quoted as saying: “It was an impressive mobilization of resources and people and a good demonstration of effective cooperation and communications.” The Chair of the U.S. President’s Council on Year 2000 Conversion is quoted as saying: “Y2K was fascinating in terms of how to get one’s arms around a subtle problem that crossed a wide sweep: 180 countries, 50 states, the entire U.S. economy, and the whole U.S. Government. We will not have to do it again in the near future, however the lessons learned from the exercise will be invaluable in addressing other management issues.”
The enormous success of the huge number of Y2K projects worldwide was very impressive. After the resounding successes, some claimed that the problem may have been initially exaggerated. Others may consider that to be the nature of successful projects: if the problem is solved, no one should notice it! Nonetheless, most agree that very important lessons were learned in successful global project management. The Special Representative for Y2K International Coordination, U.S. Department of State is quoted as saying [12]: “Even though [Y2K] turned into a nonevent with no major problems and relatively minor glitches, for all intents and purposes, it yielded a side benefit in that we skipped a generation in terms of IT and innovative ways of doing business.” A telecommunications official in Hong Kong is quoted as saying [12]: “[Y2K] was not easy, but it was a good experience that can be applied to managing other IT projects.” A Consular Affairs official in the U.S. Department of State is quoted as saying [12]: “In effect, we should not call what happened a Y2K success, but rather a management success.”
5. ตัวอย่างโครงการที่ประสบความสำเร็จ และล้มเหลว โครงการที่ประสบความสำเร็จ มีตัวอย่างมากของจัดการประสบความสำเร็จของโครงการนานาชาติ วัฒนธรรม เป็นตัวอย่าง พิจารณาโครงการปี 2000 (ปี พ.ศ.2540) ที่ดำเนินการ โดยรัฐบาล และเอกชนทั่วโลก วัฒนธรรมหลายทีมขยันร่วมมือในการจัดเตรียม และสำรองระบบคอมพิวเตอร์ ซอฟต์แวร์ที่ล้าสมัยรหัส เครือข่ายโทรคมนาคม ระบบฝังตัว และอื่น ๆ โครงสร้างพื้นฐานสำหรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงวันมิลเลนเนียม ประเทศและองค์กรทั่วโลกรับรู้ว่า ในขณะที่รักษาการบริหารโครงการของตัวเองปี พ.ศ.2540 พวกเขาจะได้รับจากการใช้ข้อมูลของแผนงานโครงการ ดำเนิน ปัญหา และความสำเร็จร่วมกัน องค์กรแม้แต่ในวัฒนธรรมที่ไม่ปกติคุ้นเคยร่วมกันตระหนักค่าและความสำคัญของการใช้ข้อมูลและความรู้ร่วมกัน รัฐบาล และเอกชนทั่วโลกก่อตั้งเครือข่ายและข้อมูลร่วมความร่วมมือเพื่อตอบสนองต่อความท้าทายปี พ.ศ.2540 องค์กร ภูมิภาค และนานาชาติร่วมรู้ปี พ.ศ.2540 เสี่ยง ปัญหา และกลยุทธ์ บางประเทศผ่านกฎหมายและคำแนะนำกำกับดูแลให้องค์กรเพื่อแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูล โดยไม่มีข้อสงสัยทางกฎหมาย [12] The U.S. Department of State, Office of Inspector General published a report entitled: “Year 2000 Lessons Learned: Strategies for Successful Global Project Management” [12]. In that report, the Ambassador, Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Lesotho to the United Nations is quoted as saying: “Y2K was the first time that the international community all rose to the challenge and worked together to meet a common threat; international cooperative efforts did not compromise anyone’s sovereignty or commercial interests.” A Foreign Service Officer in the U.S. Consulate in Hong Kong is quoted as saying: “It was an impressive mobilization of resources and people and a good demonstration of effective cooperation and communications.” The Chair of the U.S. President’s Council on Year 2000 Conversion is quoted as saying: “Y2K was fascinating in terms of how to get one’s arms around a subtle problem that crossed a wide sweep: 180 countries, 50 states, the entire U.S. economy, and the whole U.S. Government. We will not have to do it again in the near future, however the lessons learned from the exercise will be invaluable in addressing other management issues.” The enormous success of the huge number of Y2K projects worldwide was very impressive. After the resounding successes, some claimed that the problem may have been initially exaggerated. Others may consider that to be the nature of successful projects: if the problem is solved, no one should notice it! Nonetheless, most agree that very important lessons were learned in successful global project management. The Special Representative for Y2K International Coordination, U.S. Department of State is quoted as saying [12]: “Even though [Y2K] turned into a nonevent with no major problems and relatively minor glitches, for all intents and purposes, it yielded a side benefit in that we skipped a generation in terms of IT and innovative ways of doing business.” A telecommunications official in Hong Kong is quoted as saying [12]: “[Y2K] was not easy, but it was a good experience that can be applied to managing other IT projects.” A Consular Affairs official in the U.S. Department of State is quoted as saying [12]: “In effect, we should not call what happened a Y2K success, but rather a management success.”
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