Spira and Page (2003) stated that the development
of a risk management system provides
the best practice for internal control and risk
management disclosure. Segregation of duties is
a control policy in which no person should be
given responsibility for more than one related
function, meaning that no one person has sole
authority over a single item. In systems development
and maintenance, controls are intended
to ensure that application programs are properly
standardized, designed, tested and implemented.
This may involve data development,
user involvement, checkpoints for each individual
phase and so on. Access control can take
several forms but is generally applied following
authentication. It determines what the controlling
party will allow others to do with respect
to resources and objects. One method of allowing
differentiated data access control is to apply
several different keys to various data types. The
control methods in existing systems generally
use multiple interacting access control facilities
to achieve their policy objectives during the
system’s operating period. This is a very important
management tool in ERP systems. In addition,
another form of control is the use of input and
output controls. Input controls are designed to
provide reasonable assurance for the ERP system.
The goal of input controls is to ensure that the
data entered is reasonable and reliable. Input
control is very important because the most prominent
source of error or fraud in ERP systems is
incorrect or fraudulent input.