As expected, table 1 shows that PTP achieves better objective function value than D-PTP in all three cases. The same is true for B-PTP and BD-PTP due to the discretization of the D-PTP and BD-PTP models.
Table 2 compares the difference (in ) between the objective function values of the B-PTP compared to the PTP model, as well as the BD-PTP compared to the D-PTP. %
Table 2. Difference (in % ) between the objective function values of the bilevel models compared to appropriate single level models