We live in a world that many of our grandparents could never have dreamed of, and that it is an increasingly ‘small world’ is commonly heard in conversation. Much of this is tied up with the twentieth-century revolution in transport and communications technology that has captured the popular imagination. It is possible, for example, to journey around the world in just over a day on commercial airlines. Less than fifty years ago, the journey from England to Australia took about a week. In 1870, it would take seventy days for surface mail to travel from London to New Zealand. With the advent of the telephone, faxes, and more recently e-mail and video conferencing, such communication has become almost instant. We live, if the hyperbole is to be believed, in a ‘global village’ and the term that is most commonly used to refer to this apparent shrinking is ‘globalization’ (see Figure 1.1).