Second, changes in our perception of problems will also influence the opening of a “window of opportunity” for policy change. In the 1930s, people began to perceive unemployment and economic privation not simply as a failure of individual initiative, but a as collective economic problem that required governmental solutions under the rubric of the New Deal. In the 1960s and 1970s, people began to perceive environmental problems, such as problems, such as dirty air and water and the destruction of wildlife, not as the function of natural processes but as the result of negative human influences on the ecosystem.