Prolonged rupture of membranes should be avoided, as mother-to-child transmission increases where membranes are ruptured for more than four hours [19]. Artificial rupture of membranes should not be performed if progress of labour is adequate. As a general rule, any procedure which breaks the baby’s skin or increases the baby’s contact with the mother’s blood—such as scalp electrodes or scalp blood sampling— should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. Episiotomy should not be performed routinely, but reserved for those cases with an obstetrical indication.