Reinforcement Theory. A carrot-and-stick approach to motivational
behavior, the reinforcement theory is concerned with positive
and negative reinforcement. It applies consequences to certain behaviors.
There are four basic reinforcement strategies: positive reinforcement,
negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive
reinforcement motivates workers by providing them with rewards for
desirable behavior. To be effective a reward must be delivered only if
the desired behavior is displayed. It should also be delivered as quickly
as possible after the desired behavior is exhibited. Negative reinforcement,
in contrast, involves withdrawing negative consequences if the
desired behavior is displayed. This method of reinforcement is sometimes
called “avoidance” because its aim is to have the individual avoid
the negative consequences by performing the desired behavior. Unlike
positive and negative reinforcement, punishment is not designed to in-
24 PEOPLE, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY
TLFeBOOK
spire positive behavior, but to discourage negative behavior. Extinction
is the withdrawal of reinforcing consequences for a desired behavior.
Its intent is to eliminate undesirable behavior.
Reinforcement Theory. A carrot-and-stick approach to motivational
behavior, the reinforcement theory is concerned with positive
and negative reinforcement. It applies consequences to certain behaviors.
There are four basic reinforcement strategies: positive reinforcement,
negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive
reinforcement motivates workers by providing them with rewards for
desirable behavior. To be effective a reward must be delivered only if
the desired behavior is displayed. It should also be delivered as quickly
as possible after the desired behavior is exhibited. Negative reinforcement,
in contrast, involves withdrawing negative consequences if the
desired behavior is displayed. This method of reinforcement is sometimes
called “avoidance” because its aim is to have the individual avoid
the negative consequences by performing the desired behavior. Unlike
positive and negative reinforcement, punishment is not designed to in-
24 PEOPLE, MANAGEMENT, AND POLICY
TLFeBOOK
spire positive behavior, but to discourage negative behavior. Extinction
is the withdrawal of reinforcing consequences for a desired behavior.
Its intent is to eliminate undesirable behavior.
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