In the first reform phase in the 1990s, per household land endowments remained small although variable across regions with an average of 0.3 hectares of annual and 0.06 hectares of perennial crops (Deininger and Jin 2008). In the densely populated Red River Delta, average farm size is only about 0.25 hectares, whereas in the Mekong Delta, families cultivate on relatively large farms of 1.1 hectares (Minot and Goletti 2000; Deininger and Jin 2008). Land distribution did not lead to a significant increase in land inequality during the 1990s—on the contrary, the national Gini coefficient for per capita land endowments had declined slightly from 0.53 to 0.50. However, regional differences persist, illustrated by the difference in the national per capita land endowment Gini coefficient, ranging between 0.34 and 0.37, for the southeast and the Mekong Delta, where it is much higher. Extending the survey period from 1993 to 2004, the Gini coefficient for rural household per capita land rose from 0.49 to 0.64, which is a remarkable change