plants were established at least 30 y before the study, and this
predates changes to shade tree densities (9); consequently there
is no clear relationship between shade tree and coffee densities.
Nevertheless, the data also suggest that increasing native shade
tree density does increase the number of harvested berries (P =
0.06; Table 2). In all these cases, however, effect size is small.
The role of bees for coffee production in Kodagu needs to be set
in the context of these management interventions that affect
production either by influencing pollination or otherwis