The positive role of ICT in improving the overall performance, visibility and communication
between multimodal transport operators has been recognized by many stakeholders, but there
also exist many barriers to the adoption of ICT which vary from mode to mode (Coronado et
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al. 2009) and company to company, especially between small and large enterprises (Pokharel
2005). Based on the literature review, we identified several factors inhibiting ICT adoption
according to their area of impact which can be classified into three categories following
KOMODA (2009): user-related, technology-related, and policy-related barriers (Figure 3).
This section will examine in-depth the barriers and associated factors to ICT adoption with
the focus on its impact on multimodal transport. It should be noted that the users here are
transport-related organisations involved in multimodal operations, authorities and companies
who employ ICT applications in their daily operation and management.