Liquidity risk
The Board reviews the Group’s ongoing liquidity risks annually as part of the planning process and on an ad hoc basis. The Board considers
short-term requirements against available sources of funding, taking into account forecast cash flows. The Group manages liquidity risk by
maintaining access to a number of sources of funding which are sufficient to meet anticipated funding requirements. Specifically, the Group
uses US commercial paper, committed bank facilities and cash resources to manage short-term liquidity and manages long-term liquidity by
raising funds through the capital markets. The Group is assigned short-term credit ratings of P-2 by Moody’s and A-2 by Standard and Poor’s.
The Group’s long-term credit rating is A3 stable outlook by Moody’s and A- stable outlook by Standard and Poor’s.
In addition to cash and cash equivalents of $6,240m, fixed deposits of $65m, less overdrafts of $189m at 31 December 2015, the Group has
committed bank facilities of $3bn available to manage liquidity. At 31 December 2015, the Group has issued $1,327m under a Euro Medium
Term Note programme and $12,782m under a SEC-registered programme. The Group regularly monitors the credit standing of the banking
group and currently does not anticipate any issue with drawing on the committed facilities should this be necessary. The committed facilities
of $3bn mature in April 2020 and were undrawn at 31 December 2015